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Drug prohibition law
Drug prohibition law is prohibition-based law by which governments prohibit, except under licence, the production, supply, and possession of many, but not all, substances which are recognized as drugs, and which corresponds to international treaty commitments in the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961,〔(''Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961'', United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) website, accessed 6 February 2009 )〕 the Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1971,〔(''Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971'', United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) website, accessed 6 February 2009 )〕 and the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 1988.〔(''Convention against the Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1988'', United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) website, accessed 6 February 2009 )〕
When produced, supplied or possessed under licence, otherwise prohibited drugs are known as controlled drugs. The aforementioned legislation is the cultural institution and social fact that de facto divides world drug trade as illegal vs legal, according to geopolitical issues. The United Nations has its own drug control programme, as part of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),〔(''About UNODC'', United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime website, accessed 9 February 2009 )〕 which was formerly called the United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention (ODCCP), and the Commission on Narcotic Drugs〔(''The Commission on Narcotic Drugs'', United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime website, accessed 13 February 2009 )〕 is the central drug policy-making body within the United Nations system.
The International Narcotics Control Board (INCB)〔(International Narcotics Control Board website, accessed 13 February 2009 )〕 is an independent and quasi-judicial control organ for the implementation of the United Nations drug control conventions. It is important to note that there are several different sets of "schedules", or lists, of controlled drugs. One is the INCB schedules (four schedules numbered I-IV), while another is the United States' Controlled Substances Act schedules of controlled substances (five schedules, numbered I-V). Other countries also have different classifications and numbers of lists, such as those of the United Kingdom and Canada.
== History and founding principles ==
Drug prohibition law is based on the view that some drugs, notably opium poppy, coca, and substances derived from these plants, are so addictive or dependence inducing and so dangerous, in terms of potential effects on the health, morality and behaviour of users, that they should be rarely, if ever, used.
Psychotropic substances covered by drug control law include psilocybin mushrooms and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD).
The following treaties are no longer in force, being superseded in 1961 by the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs:
* International Opium Convention, signed at The Hague on 23 January 1912
* Agreement concerning the Manufacture of, Internal Trade in and Use of Prepared Opium, signed at Geneva on 11 February 1925
* Convention for Limiting the Manufacture and Regulating the Distribution of Narcotic Drugs, signed at Geneva on 13 July 1931
* Agreement for the Control of Opium Smoking in the Far East, signed at Bangkok on 27 November 1931
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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